Stashing this here so I can retrieve the book names etc...
https://www.lawyersgunsmoneyblog.com/2021/10/is-civilization-worth-it
One of the more dour or dire aspects of getting old is the
realization that the list of things that you’ve been meaning to read has
gotten far longer than biological limits suggest you will ever get
around to reading.
I was reminded of this forcefully by William Deresiewicz’s essay on David Graeber’s and David Wengrow’s new book The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity. Deresiewiciz is the author of Excellent Sheep,
which I’ve been meaning to read for years, while Graeber (who died last
September at the age of 59 three weeks after completing his last book)
wrote the brilliant and hilarious essay On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs, which made me commit mentally to reading his book Debt: The First 5000 Years, which I also haven’t done yet.
Deresiweiciz
is one of a host of reviewers who are arguing that The Dawn of
Everything is a work of genius, that is going to revolutionize the way
people think about human history:
The Dawn of Everything is
written against the conventional account of human social history as
first developed by Hobbes and Rousseau; elaborated by subsequent
thinkers; popularized today by the likes of Jared Diamond, Yuval Noah
Harari, and Steven Pinker; and accepted more or less universally. The
story goes like this. Once upon a time, human beings lived in small, egalitarian bands of hunter-gatherers (the
so-called state of nature). Then came the invention of agriculture,
which led to surplus production and thus to population growth as well as
private property. Bands swelled to tribes, and increasing scale
required increasing organization: stratification, specialization;
chiefs, warriors, holy men.
Eventually, cities emerged, and with
them, civilization—literacy, philosophy, astronomy; hierarchies of
wealth, status, and power; the first kingdoms and empires. Flash forward
a few thousand years, and with science, capitalism, and the Industrial
Revolution, we witness the creation of the modern bureaucratic state.
The story is linear (the stages are followed in order, with no going
back), uniform (they are followed the same way everywhere), progressive
(the stages are “stages” in the first place, leading from lower to
higher, more primitive to more sophisticated), deterministic (development is driven by technology, not human choice), and teleological (the process culminates in us).
It is also, according to Graeber and Wengrow, completely wrong. Drawing on a wealth of recent archaeological discoveries that
span the globe, as well as deep reading in often neglected historical
sources (their bibliography runs to 63 pages), the two dismantle not
only every element of the received account but also the assumptions that
it rests on. Yes, we’ve had bands, tribes, cities, and states;
agriculture, inequality, and bureaucracy, but what each of these were,
how they developed, and how we got from one to the next—all this and
more, the authors comprehensively rewrite. More important, they demolish the idea that human beings are passive objects of material forces,
moving helplessly along a technological conveyor belt that takes us
from the Serengeti to the DMV. We’ve had choices, they show, and we’ve
made them. Graeber and Wengrow offer a history of the past 30,000 years
that is not only wildly different from anything we’re used to, but also
far more interesting: textured, surprising, paradoxical, inspiring.
Graeber was a committed anarchist, who played a key role in the Occupy movement. Deresiewicz describes meeting him:
Many years ago, when I was a
junior professor at Yale, I cold-called a colleague in the anthropology
department for assistance with a project I was working on. I didn’t know
anything about the guy; I just selected him because he was young, and
therefore, I figured, more likely to agree to talk.
Five minutes
into our lunch, I realized that I was in the presence of a genius. Not
an extremely intelligent person—a genius. There’s a qualitative
difference. The individual across the table seemed to belong to a
different order of being from me, like a visitor from a higher
dimension. I had never experienced anything like it before. I quickly
went from trying to keep up with him, to hanging on for dear life, to
simply sitting there in wonder.
That person was David Graeber.
In the 20 years after our lunch, he published two books; was let go by
Yale despite a stellar record (a move universally attributed to his
radical politics); published two more books; got a job at Goldsmiths,
University of London; published four more books, including Debt: The First 5,000 Years,
a magisterial revisionary history of human society from Sumer to the
present; got a job at the London School of Economics; published two more
books and co-wrote a third; and established himself not only as among
the foremost social thinkers of our time—blazingly original, stunningly
wide-ranging, impossibly well read—but also as an organizer and
intellectual leader of the activist left on both sides of the Atlantic,
credited, among other things, with helping launch the Occupy movement and coin its slogan, “We are the 99 percent.”
His last book is apparently a fundamental reimagining of the
trajectory and teleology of human history, that asks the most basic
kinds of political and historical questions, at a moment when those
questions seem particularly urgent:
The Dawn of Everything is
framed by an account of what the authors call the “indigenous
critique.” In a remarkable chapter, they describe the encounter between
early French arrivals in North America, primarily Jesuit missionaries,
and a series of Native intellectuals—individuals who had inherited a
long tradition of political conflict and debate and who had thought
deeply and spoke incisively on such matters as “generosity, sociability,
material wealth, crime, punishment and liberty.”
The Indigenous
critique, as articulated by these figures in conversation with their
French interlocutors, amounted to a wholesale condemnation of
French—and, by extension, European—society: its incessant competition,
its paucity of kindness and mutual care, its religious dogmatism and
irrationalism, and most of all, its horrific inequality and lack of
freedom. The authors persuasively argue that Indigenous ideas, carried
back and publicized in Europe, went on to inspire the Enlightenment (the
ideals of freedom, equality, and democracy, they note, had theretofore
been all but absent from the Western philosophical tradition). They go
further, making the case that the conventional account of human history
as a saga of material progress was developed in reaction to the
Indigenous critique in order to salvage the honor of the West. We’re
richer, went the logic, so we’re better. The authors ask us to rethink
what better might actually mean.
This sounds like a book that needs to go to the top of the to be read
list, especially before it’s banned by the second Trump administration.